Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866-1891 by Robert M. Utley Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1891 by Robert M. Utley is a detailed study of the post–Civil War U.S. Army and its role in the Indian Wars of the late nineteenth century. Utley focuses on the small, professional regular army that remained after the Civil War and was tasked with enforcing federal policy across the vast trans-Mississippi West. Scattered in isolated forts and operating with limited manpower and resources, these soldiers became the principal instrument of American expansion. The book examines the major campaigns between 1866 and 1891, including conflicts such as Red Cloud's War, the Great Sioux War, the Nez Perce War, and the long-running Apache Wars. Utley analyzes not only battlefield engagements but also the logistical and environmental challenges of frontier campaigning—long supply lines, harsh terrain, unreliable intelligence, and th...
The 1954 Ute Partition and Termination Act ended federal recognition of the mixed-blood Uinta of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation, removing them from the Ute Indian Tribe. Classified as being of mixed ancestry, they lost trust land protections, federal benefits, and tribal status. Like many Native communities subjected to termination policies, they faced devastating consequences, including the loss of land, resources, and traditional ways of life.