This study is about the American Indians who welcomed the colonists to the New World and the relationship of their descendants with the non-Indian society around them. Although much has been written about the Indians and the Federal Government, there has been limited attention given to the relationship of the Indian with local and State governments. The document attempts to remedy this by giving special attention to Indian, local, and State governmental relationships as well as the role of Federal Government. All of the States were canvassed to obtain their statutes, executive orders, and special organizational arrangements for their Indian citizens. Also, a questionnaire was circulated to obtain the attitudes of tribal chairmen towards services from the local, State, and Federal Government. The book raises questions and issues, and offers alternatives and recommendations which should be discussed and evaluted by future leaders, especially in terms of the relationship of the Indian and his government to non-Indian society. The book may be of interest to Indian leaders; local, State, and Federal executive and legislative officials; and students of federalism in general. The 15 Appendices, which comprise over 1/2 of the book, include such things as demographic tables, tribal lists, and a summary of the Indian messages of Presidents Johnson and Nixon.